二级建造师《市政工程》试题与答案(3)
三、案例分析题(共4题,每题20分)
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(一)
【背景资料】
某公司中标一座城市跨河桥梁,该桥跨河部分总长101.5m,上部结构为30m+41.5m+30m三跨预应力混凝土连续箱梁,采用支架现浇法施工。
项目部编制的支架安全专项施工方案的内容有:为满足河道18m宽通航要求,跨河中间部分采用贝雷梁-碗扣组合支架形式搭设门洞;其余部分均采用满堂式碗扣支架;满堂支架基础采用筑岛围堰,填料碾压密实;支架安全专项施工方案分为门洞支架和满堂支架两部分内容,并计算支架结构的强度和验算其稳定性。
项目部编制山东路桥职称试题和答案了混凝土浇筑施工方案,其中混凝土裂缝控制措施有:
(1)优化配合比,选择水化热较低的水泥,降低水泥水化热产生的热量;
(2)选择一天中气温较低的时候浇筑混凝土;
(3)对支架进行检测和维护,防止支架下沉变形;
(4)夏季施工保证混凝土养护用水及资源供给;
(5)混凝土浇筑施工前,项目技术负责人和施工员在现场进行山东路桥职称试题和答案了口头安全技术交底
【问题】
1、支架安全专项施工方案还应补充哪些验算?说明理由。
2、模板施工前还应对支架进行哪些试验?主要目的是什么?
3、本工程搭设的门洞应采取哪些安全防护措施?
4、对工程混凝土裂缝的控制措施进行补充。
5、项目部的安全技术交底万式是否正确?如不正确,给出正确做法。
【参考答案】
1、还应补充的有刚度、强度的验算。根据规范的规定,支架的强度、刚度、稳定性应当经过验算。
2、模板施工前还应对支架进行预压,主要是为了消除拼装间隙和地基沉降等非弹性变形。
3、支架通行孔的两边应加护栏、夜间应设置警示灯、施工中易受漂流物冲撞的河中支架应设牢固的防护设施。
4、混凝土土裂缝的控制措施有:
(1)充分利用混凝土的中后期强度,尽可能降低水泥用量;
(2)严格控制集料的级配及其含泥量;
(3)选用合适的缓凝剂、碱水剂等外加剂,以改善混凝土的性能;
(4)控制好混凝土坍落度,不宜过大,一般在120±20mm即可;
(5)采取分层浇筑混凝土,利用浇筑面散热,以大大减少施工中出现裂缝的可能性;
(6)混凝土中心温度与表面温度之间、混凝土表面温度与室外更低气温之间的差值均应小于20℃,当结构混凝土具有足够的抗裂能力时,不大于25~30℃;
(7)混凝土拆模时,混凝土的表面温度与中心温度之间、表面温度与外界气温之间的温差不超过20℃;
(8)采用内部降温法来降低混凝土内外温差。
5、不正确。项目部应严格技术管理,做好技术交底工作和安全技术交底工作,开工前,施工项目技术负责人应根据获准的施工方案向施工人员进行技术安全交底,强调工程难点、技术要点、安全措施、使作业人员掌握要点,名企业责任。交底应当全员书面签字确认。
(二)
【背景资料】
某公司承建城市桥区泵站调蓄工程,其中调蓄池为地下式现浇钢筋混凝土结构,混凝土强度等级C35,池内平面尺寸为62.0m*17.3m,筏板基础。场地地下水类型为潜水,埋深6.6m。
设计基坑长63.8m,宽19.1 m,深12.6m,围护结构采用φ800mm钻孔灌注桩排桩+2道φ609mm钢支撑,桩间挂网喷射C20混凝土,桩顶设置钢筋混凝土冠梁。基坑围护桩外侧采用厚700mm止水帷幕,如图2所示。
施工过程中,基坑土方开挖至深度8m处,侧壁出现渗漏,并夹带泥沙;迫于工期压力,项目部继续开挖施工;同时安排专人巡视现场,加大地表沉降、桩身水平变形等项目的检测频率。按照规定,项目部编制了模板支架及混凝土浇筑专项施工方案,拟在基坑单侧设置泵车浇筑调蓄池结构混凝土。
图2调蓄池结构与基坑围护断网图(单位:结构尺寸:mm,高程:m)
【问题】
1、列式计算池顶模板承受的结构自重分布荷载q(KN/m2),(混凝土容重y=25KN/m3);根据计算结果,判断模板支架安全专项施工方案是否需要组织专家论证,说明理由。
2、计算止水帷幕在地下水中的高度。
3、指出基坑侧壁渗漏后,项目部继续开挖施工存在的风险。
4、指出基坑施工过程中风险更大的时段,并简述稳定坑底应采取的措施。
5、写出图2中细部构造A的名称,并说明其留置位置的有关规定和施工要求。
6、根据本工程特点,试述调蓄池混凝土浇筑工艺应满足的技术要求。
【参考答案】
1、池顶板厚度为600mm,因此模板承受的结构自重Q=25KN/m3×0.6m=15KN/m2。
需要组织专家论证。理由:根据相关规定,施工总荷载在15KN/m2及以上时,需要组织专家论证。
2、地面标高为26.5m,地下水埋深6.6m,因此地下水位标高为26.5-6.6=19.9m
止水帷幕在地下水中高度为19.9-(26.5-17.55)=10.95m或(17.55-6.6=10.95m)
因此截水帷幕在地下水中的高度为10.95m
基坑侧壁渗漏继续开挖的风险:如果渗漏水主要为清水,一般及时封堵不会造成太大的环境问题;而如果渗漏造成大量水土流失则会造成围护结构背后土体过大沉降,严重的会导致围护结构背后土体失去抗力造成基坑倾覆 (教材P260)
4、基坑施工过程中风险更大时段是基坑刚开挖完成后还未施做防护措施时,主要的风险是坍塌和淹没。
稳定坑底应采取的措施:加深围护结构入土深度、坑底土体加固、坑内井点降水等措施,并适时施作底板结构 (教材P71)
5、构造A:侧墙水平施工缝与止水带(P101)
有关规定:
施工缝留设位置:墙体水平施工缝应留在高出底板表面不小于300mm的墙体上;施工缝距孔洞边缘不应小于300mm。
施工要求:水平施工缝烧灌混凝土前,应先将其表面浮浆和杂物清除,先铺净浆或涂刷界面处理剂、水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料,再铺30~50mm厚的1:1水泥砂浆,并应及时浇筑混凝土。钢筋密集部位和预留孔底部应辅以人工振捣,保证结构密实。
止水带留设位置:端头模板应安装填缝板,填缝板与嵌入式止水带中心缝应和变形缝中心线对正,并用模板固定牢固。
施工要求:止水带不得穿孔或用铁钉固定目置垂直施工缝时,端头必须安放模板,设置止水带。诱导缝、变形缝、止水带、遇水膨胀止水条的固定和安装,必须由项目技术员、质检员验收。
6、(1)优化混凝土配合比:应选用水化热较低的水泥,充分利用混凝土的中后期强度,尽可能降低水泥用量。严格控制集料的级配及其含泥量,选用合适的缓凝剂、碱水剂等外加剂,以改善混凝土的性能。控制好混凝土坍落度,不宜过大,一般在120±20mm即可。
(2)浇筑与振捣措施:采取分层浇筑混凝土,利用浇筑面散热,以大大减少施工中出现裂缝的可能性。还应考虑结构大小、钢筋疏密、预埋管道和地脚螺栓的留设、混凝土供应情况以及水化热等因素的影响。
(3)养护措施:大体积混凝土养护的关键是保持适宜的温度和湿度。大体积混凝土的养护,不仅要满足强度增长的需要,还应通过温度控制,防止因温度变形引起混凝土开裂。(教材P225)
(三)
背景资料
A公司承建中水管道工程,全长870m,管径DN600mm,XXXXX垂直下穿快速路后,沿道路北侧绿地向西排入内湖,管道覆土3.0m-3.2m,管材为XXX素钢管,防腐层在工厂内施作。施工图设计建议:长38m下穿快速路的管段采用机械顶管法施工混凝土套管,其余管段全部采用开凿法施工。施工区域土质较好,开挖土方可用于沟槽回填,施工时可不考虑地下水影响。依据合同约定,A公司将顶管施工分包给B专业公司。开槽段施工从西向东采用流水作业。
施工过程中发生如下事件:
事件一,质量员发现个别管段沟槽胸腔回填存在采用推土机从沟槽一侧推土入槽不当施工现象,立责令施工队停工整改。
事件二,由于发现顶管施工范围内有不明管线,B公司项目部征得A公司项目负责人同意,拟改用人工顶管 *** 施工混凝土套管。
事件三,质量安全监督部门例行检查时,发现顶管坑内电缆破磨损较多,存在严重安全隐患,对A公司和建设单位进行通报批评,A公司对B公司处以罚款。
事件四,受局部拆迁影响,开槽施工段出现进度滞后局面,项目部拟采用调整工作关系的 *** 控制施工进度。
问题:
1、分析事件一中施工队不当施工那个可能产生的后果,并写出正确做法。
2、事件二中,机械顶管改为人工顶管时,A公司项目部应履行哪些程序。
3、事件二中,A公司对B公司的安全管理存在哪些缺失?A公司在总分包管理体系中应对建设单位承担什么责任?
4、简述调整工作关系 *** 在本工程的具体应用。
职称英语卫生类试题附答案
第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
1.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.
A.offered B.investigated C.included D.accepted
2.His shoes were shined to perfection.
A.cleared B.washed C.polished D.mended
3.A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation.
A.suggested B.tested C.used D.announced
4.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.
A.effort B.problem C.concern D.influence
5.Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge.
A.short B.hard C.good D.long
6.The book took ten years of thorough research.
A.basic B.careful C.social D.major
7.The love of money is the root of all evil.
A.result B.cause C.end D.force
8.The test produced disappointing results.
A.unsatisfactory B.indirect C.similar D.positive
9.Eventually, she got a job and moved to London.
A.Finally B.Certainly C.Luckily D.Naturally
10.Things have changed a lot since I was a child.
A.greatly B.gradually C.suddenly D.frequently
11.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.
A.reported B.hoped C.answered D.admitted
12.My doctor said I should vary my diet more.
A.prepare B.cook C.choose D.change
13.She can be relied on in a crisis.
A.looked after B.depended on C.believed in D.turned on
14.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.
A.reduced B.moved C.turned D.reformed
15.His long-term goal is to set up his own business.
A.idea B.energy C.order D.aim
Are You Getting Enough Sleep?
What happens if you don’t get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, a high school student in theUnited States, wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessnessfor a school science project. With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayed awake for 264hours and 12 minutes. That’s eleven days and nights without sleep!
What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep, Gardner startedhaving trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry(模糊).By the third day, he was having trouble doing things with his hands. By the fourth day, Gardnerwas hallucinating(产生幻觉). For example, when he saw a street sign, he thought it was aperson. He also imagined he was a famous football player. Over the next few days, Gardner’sspeech became so slurred(不清楚)that people couldn’t understand him. He also had troubleremembering things. By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn’t pass a counting test. In the middleof the test he simply stopped counting. He couldn’t remember what he was doing.
When Gardner finally went to bed, he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes. The second night heslept for twelve hours, the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours, and by the fourthnight, he had returned to his normal sleep schedule.
Even though Gardner recovered quickly, scientists believe that going without sleep can bedangerous. They say that people should not repeat Randy’s experiment. Tests on white ratshave shown how serious sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without sleep, the ratsstarted losing their fur(皮毛). And even though the rats ate more food than usual, they lostweight. Eventually the rats died.
During your lifetime, you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping. But why? What is thepurpose of sleep? Surprisingly, scientists don’t know for sure. Some scientists think we sleep inorder to replenish(补充)brain cells. Other scientists think that sleep helps the body to growand to relieve stress. Whatever the reason, we know that it is important to get enough sleep.
16.Randy Gardner studied the effects of over-sleeping.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
17.During the experiment, Gardner slept for two hours every night.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
18.During the experiment, Gardner had trouble speaking clearly.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
19.It took four days for Gardner to recover from the effects of the experiment.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
20.Going without sleep is not dangerous for white rats.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
21.Scientists are not sure why we need sleep.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
22.People sleep less than they used to.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
The Meaning of Dreams
1 Dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly interpreted, we can cometo understand ourselves better. Here, we look at four common dreams and what theypotentially symbolize.
2 I can see their laughing faces ... laughing at me. But they aren’t as *** art. If they were,they’d be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative connotations(涵义). On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away fromeveryday routine. It can also be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve. On the otherhand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish toescape. The dream could represent an inferiority complex(自卑情结), which the dreamerattempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others.
3 I’m moving fast now, but it’s still behind me. Doesn’t matter how fast I go, I still can’tescape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and vitality(生命力)like the first one,it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominantemotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can alsostumble(蹒跚)or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes the fear even moreterrifying(恐怖的). One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressurein their everyday life.
4 I’m sweating and my heart is beating. I’m trapped in my own bed. In this dream, the personis often standing on a high, exposed place such as on the top of a tower, or on the edge of acliff. The overwhelming(强烈的)feeling changes from anxiety to a loss of control. There isnothing to stop the person, and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrifyingly ((恐怖地)real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer awakens with a sense ofenormous relief. This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has afear of failure or even death.
5 The wind is pushing me and I slip. There’s nothing I can do — nothing I can hold on to. Thissymbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They tryhard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation withno escape, they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequentcontext for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something which you arenormally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it alsoshows a deep-seated phobia(恐惧)of losing a job and a livelihood.
23.Paragraph 2 ______
24.Paragraph 3 ______
25.Paragraph 4 ______
26.Paragraph 5 ______
A.Dream of running hard
B.Dream of falling down
C.Dream of being pushed away
D.Dream of flying into the air
E.Dream of climbing trees
F.Dream of diving into the water
27.If a person puts himself up above others in the dream, he may ________.
28.If a person dreams of being chased by others, he may ________.
29.If a person dreams of going over the edge of a cliff, he may ________.
30.If a person dreams of failing to do something in public, he may ________.
A.be under pressure in everyday life
B.be afraid of losing control in real life
C.feel inferior in reality
D.feel lonely in everyday life
E.feel tired in real life
F.be afraid of losing his job in real life
之一篇 Sprained(扭伤)Ankle
One of the most common injuries teenagers and *** s experience is a sprained ankle. A sprainoccurs when the ligaments(韧带)a joint are twisted(扭伤)and possibly torn. Ligaments arebands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint in position. A sprain can occur from a suddentwisting at the joint, or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured areausually swells(肿胀)and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalk at the wrongangle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can leave you rolling on theground in pain with an ankle on fire! If you cannot walk without experiencing intense pain, youmust seek medical help. If the pain is manageable, and you can walk, here are three words tohelp you remember how to treat yourself:
■ Elevate(抬高)
■ Cool
■ Bandage(打绷带)
As soon as there is injury to that ligament, there will be a certain amount of bleeding underthe skin. Once the blood pools around the damaged blood vessels, swelling occurs. Thepressure from the swelling results in additional stress and tenderness to the region. In orderto reduce the degree of swelling, lie down as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated sothat it is actually higher than your heart. Next, to reduce blood distribution and keep bleedingto a minimum, apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes, take the pack off, wait half an hour andthen reapply. This can be done several times a day for a total of three days.
Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes at a time. Reducing the temperature inthat area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise thebody temperature! Therefore, one accidentally triggers more blood distribution to theaffected area by leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally, bandage the ankle. Be careful notto wind it too tightly; doing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot.
31.A sprain is caused by
A.blood vessels being hurt in the foot.
B.constantly changing body temperature.
C.ligament fibers of a joint being twisted.
D.elevating one’s ankle.
32.The black-and-blue symptom of a sprain is due to
A.pressing one’s ankle.
B.a tight bandage.
C.applying a cold pack.
D.bleeding under the skin.
33.The word “it” in paragraph 2 (line 5) refers to
A.injury.
B.pressure.
C.ankle.
D.swelling.
34.Once the initial cold pack is removed, what is to be done?
A.Wait 30 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 20 minutes.
B.Begin bandaging the ankle.
C.Keep the ankle in a position lower than your heart.
D.Wait 20 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 30 minutes.
35.The main idea of the passage is to explain
A.how a sprain occurs.
B.how to treat a sprained ankle.
C.how to bandage an injured foot.
D.how to reduce the temperature of a wounded area.
第二篇 Attitudes to AIDS Now
Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS, but they don’t know there’sno cure and strongly disagree that “the AIDS epidemic(流行)is over,” a new survey finds.
The findings, released Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation, reassure activists who haveworried that public concern about AIDS might disappear in light of recent news about advancesin treatment and declines in deaths.
“While people are very optimistic about the advances, they’re still realistic about the fact thatthere is no cure”, says Sophia Chang, director of HIV programs at the foundation.
The Kaiser survey, like a recent USA TODAY Gallup Poll(民意测验), does find that the numberof people ranking AIDS as the country’s top health problem has fallen. In the Kaiser poll, 38%say it’s the top concern, down from 44% in a 1996 poll; in the Gallup Poll, 29% say AIDS is No. 1, down from 41 % in 1992 and 67% in 1987.
Other findings from Kaiser, which polled more than 1.200 *** s in September and October andasked additional questions of another 1.000 *** s in Novembers:
52% say the country is making progress against AIDS, up from 32% in 1995.
51% say the government spends too little on AIDS.
86% correctly say AIDS drugs can now lengthen lives; an equal number correctly say that thedrugs are not cures.
67% incorrectly say that AIDS deaths increased or stayed the same in the past year; 24%know deaths fell.
Daniel Zingale, director of AIDS Action Council, says, “I’m encouraged that the American peopleare getting the message that the AIDS epidemic isn’t over. I hope the decision-makers inWashington are getting the same message... We have seen signs of complacency(得意).”
36.Most people in the USA believe that
A.advances have been made in treating AIDS.
B.AIDS is no longer an epidemic.
C.AIDS is killing more people than before.
D.there is still no cure for AIDS.
37.Before the findings released by the Kaiser Family Foundation, activists worried that
A.the Americans might not concern about AIDS any more.
B.the government is too optimistic about the cure of AIDS.
C.the deaths caused by AIDS may increase.
D.scientists may not find cures for AIDS.
38.The results of the Kaiser survey and those of Gallup Poll are
A.similar.
B.different.
C.both wrong.
D.both unrealistic.
39.More than 50% people in the Kaiser poll agree that
A.advances in AIDS treatment are too slow.
B.AIDS is their top concern.
C.the country spends too little on AIDS.
D.AIDS deaths fell sharply.
40.The word “message” in the last paragraph means
A.news.
B.report.
C.point.
D.result.
第三篇 How to Be a Successful Businessperson
Have you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not?Here’s a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and todayhe owns 168 restaurants.
Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a *** all town in southwest India. His dream was to be anairplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a *** all plane.
At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States.He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working for acompany that rented cars.
While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental(租赁的)company, he frequently ate at a nearbyKFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, heworked as a cook’s assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. “I didn’t likeit,” Mr. Kazi says, “but I always did the best I could.”
One day, Mr. Kazi’s two coworkers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of allthree people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few monthslater, the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. Heworked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.
A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant wasdirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought therestaurant. For the first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of thebuilding, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someonehad to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before longthe restaurant was making a profit.
A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he eared, he bought threemore restaurants that were losing money. Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, andretrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too.
Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn’t planning to stop there. He’s looking for morepoorly managed restaurants to buy, “I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it’s amess,” Mr. Kazi says. “The only way it can go is up.”
41.When Mr. Kazi was young, his dream was to
A.sell cars.
B.own a restaurant.
C.become a good cook.
D.be an airplane pilot.
42.Mr. Kazi decided to work with KFC to
A.learn how to run a restaurant.
B.save money for a car.
C.save money on food.
D.learn how to cook.
43.Mr. Kazi became the manager of a new restaurant because
A.his co-workers praised him.
B.he was a good cook.
C.he worked very hard.
D.he knew how to run a restaurant.
44.To save a failing restaurant, Mr. Kazi did all the following things, EXCEPT to
A.clean it up.
B.improve the food.
D.retrain the employees.
C.advertise for it.
45.In the last paragraph, “it’s a mess” means
A.it’s *** all.
B.it’s profitable.
C.it’s dirty.
D.it’s cheap.
教师职称考试模拟试题及含答案
一、单选
1、课程改革的的基本理念是: (C )
A、 ②③④ B、 ①②③ C、 ①③ D、 ②④
①以学生发展为本 ②培养环境意识
③以创新精神和实践能力培养为重点 ④减轻学生学习负担
2、 指出哪一组是符合体验性目标陈述方式的: ( C)
A、说出,表演,展示 B、设计, *** ,创作
C、感受,参加,养成 D、解释,完成,背诵
3、课程变革可以在课程内涵的丰富,课程理念的演进和(D )等三个层面上展开、
A、教材的更新 B、教师的发展 C、学生的选择 D、课程制度的变迁
4、新课程提倡的三维教学目标是指(D )
A、知识,技能和 *** B、情感,态度和价值观
C、知识,技能和情感 D、知识与技能,过程与 *** ,情感态度和价值观
5、 首倡"教师作为研究者"的学者是( A)
A、斯腾豪斯 B、斯腾伯格 C、杜威 D、赫尔巴特
6、 多元智力理论是新课程改革的理论基础之一,其提出者为(A )
A、加德纳 B、推孟 C、韦克斯勒 D、加涅
7、 以培养学生技能为目的,一般程序为:定向、示范、参与性练习、自主性练习、迁移的教学模式为(B )
A、讲解——接受式 B、示范——模仿式
C、探究发现式 D、情境——陶冶式
8、 在"对话 互动"式的教学过程中,教师和学生的关系是(C )
A、教师是主体,学生是客体 B、学生是主体,教师是客体
C、都是主体 D、都是客体
9、 探究学习实施的过程是(B )
A、计划阶段—问题阶段—研究阶段—解释阶段—反思阶
B、问题阶段—计划阶段—研究阶段—解释阶段—反思阶
C、问题阶段—计划阶段—研究阶段—反思阶段—解释阶
D、计划阶段—问题阶段—解释阶段—研究阶段—反思阶
10、展示学校的办学宗旨和特色的课程是( B)
A、地方课程 B、校本课程 C、国家课程 D、学科课程
11、教学过程的中心环节是( B)
A、备课 B、上课 C、批改作业 D、考试
12、 20世纪90年代初,美国著名的卡内基金会提交了一份名为《准备学习:国家的指令》的报告有七个方面的内容,其中排在第二位的是(A )
A、学校需要家庭的支持 B、学校需要社会的支持
C、学校需要专家的支持 D、学校需要 *** 的支持
13、教育的中心和灵魂在(B )
A、学生 B、学校 C、教师 D、校长
14、校本教研的主体是(C )
A、学生 B、教材 C、教师 D、校长
15、建立评价学生全面发展的评价指标体系必须包括( C)
A、学科学习目标 B、一般性发展目标
C、学科学习目标和一般性发展目标 D、情感目标
二、多选
1、新课程的具体目标除了有改革考试和评价制度,重建课程管理体系外,还有(ABCD )
A、改变课程功能 B、调整课程结构 C、精选课程内容 D、改进教学方式
2、在下列教育评价方式中,属于质性评价方式的有( ABC)
A、档案袋评定 B、苏格拉底式研讨评定
C、表现展示评定 D、成就测验
3、建构主义教育理论认为,学习环境的构成要素有 (ABCD )
A、情境 B、 协作 C、会话 D、意义建构
4下列关于新型知识观的说法正确的是(BCD )
A、个人见解在给定的课程知识面前没有意义
B、知识客观化和科学化的追求必然是以牺牲个人知识因素为代价的
C、缄默知识对人类的认识有着深刻的影响
D、知识为一种探索的行动或创造的过程
5本次课程改革所倡导的师生关系应该是(ABCD )
A、民主的 B、平等的 C、对话的 D、互动的
6、新课程给教师角色的定位是( AC)
A、学习者 B、定向者 C、促进者 D、定论者
7、新课程结构的主要特点(ABC )
A、均衡性 B、综合性 C、选择性 D、平均性
8、"校本课程开发方案"的内容包括(ABCD )
A、校本课程开发总体目标 B、校本课程的结构与课程门类C、课程实践与评价的设想 D、保障措施
9、 2001年,全国基础教育工作会议旗帜鲜明地把课程改革作为一项 *** 行为,明确了基础教育对促进社会主义现代化建设具有的作用是(BCD )
A、前沿性 B、全局性 C、基础性 D、先导性
10、地方对课程管理的主要方面是(ABCD )
A、贯彻国家课程政策 B、制订课程实施计划
C、组织课程的实施与评价 D、加强课程资源的开发和管理
11、校外课程资源是指学校范围以外的各种可以用来开发和建设课程的资源,主要有( ABD)
A、家庭资源 B、社会资源 C、校园资源 D、自然资源
12、当今世界,教学研究的发展趋势是(BCD )
A、向学生回归 B、向学校回归 C、向教师回归 D、向教育实践回归
13、教学研究中的行动必须具有以下特征(BCD )
A 、、 可操作性 B、验证性 C、教育性 D、探索性
14、现代教育评价的产生和发展可分为如下几个时期(BCD )
A、教育测验运动时期 B、目标分析研究时期
C、多方位研究时期 D、教育评价的兴盛时期
15、简述质性评定的主要特征有( BCD)
A、评定是一种自上而下的评价
B、评价的目的在于促进主体人的发展
C、评价的方式具有情境性
D、评定是不断探索改进的过程
三、判断
(×)1 、《中国教育改革和发展纲要》的印发,标志着新一轮基础课程改革的开始。
(√ )2、 新课程目标取向及精神内核就是以学生的发展为本。
(×)3 、课程标准它是面向全体学生的共同的,统一的基本要求和更高要求。
(√ )4、素质教育本质上是一种个性化教育。
(× )5、自主学习就是自学,强调突出学生的主体地位,排斥教师的介入和指导。
(× )6、 学校的课程结构中学科课程,分科课程,必修课程,国家课程应占绝对主导地位。
(√)7、 我国基础教育实行三级课程管理的基本模式,学校课程管理亦需要建立三级管理 *** 。
(√ )8、实现课程管理的统与分的有机整合,是世界课程管理的总的趋势。
(× )9、校本教研即师本研究。
(√)10、教育测验是一种以追求考察教育效果客观性为目标的活动。
四、简答
1、新课改的具体目标有哪几项?
2、课改的主要任务是什么?
3、 新课程改革的核心理念及其基本含义?
4、 本次课改中,课程体系走向综合化的具体表现是什么?
5、 新课程在教材观上的转向具体表现在哪些方面?
6、 开展综合实践活动课程的意义?
7、 实行"三级课程管理"的作用是什么?
8、 为什么说教师是重要的课程资源?
9、 作为校本研究的主体对教师有什么要求?
10、世界各国课程评价有哪些特点?
五、论述
1、新课程标准在哪些方面突出体现了"以学为本"的设计思想
2、举例说明,在教学中如何处理"预设与生成"的关系
3、谈谈自主学习的实施要点
4、试述发展性评价的内涵是什么
六、简答
1、新课改的具体目标有哪几项 P8
答:有六项具体目标,它包括:改变课程功能,调整课程结构,精选教学内容,改进教学方式,改革考试和评价制度,重建课程管理体系、
2、课改的主要任务是什么 P15
答:(1)构建一个新型课程管理体系、(2)建立一支新型教师队伍、(3)探索一套新型课堂教学模式、(4)完善一个新型教育评价体系、(5)建设一个先进的信息化平台、(6)培养一批先进典型、
3、 新课程改革的核心理念及其基本含义、P34—35
答:本轮课程改革的核心理念是:为了每位学生的发展、"为了每位学生的发展"包含着三层含义:(1)以人(学生)的发展为本;(2)倡导全人教育;(3)追求学生个性化发展、
4、 本次课改中,课程体系走向综合化的具体表现是什么 P43
答:(1)从小学三年级至高中设置非学科的"综合实践活动"课程;(2)新课程还设置了许多"综合性学科",着意推进课程的综合化,对旧有的课程结构进行改造;(3)各分科课程都在尝试综合化的改革,强调科学知识同生活世界的交汇,理性认识同感性经验的融合、
5、 新课程在教材观上的转向具体表现在哪些方面 P60—62
答:首先就教材与学生的关系而言,学生不再是教材被动的受体而是对教材进行能动实践的创造性主体;教材不再是只追求对教育经验的完美的预设,而要为学生留有发展的余地,使教材编制过程本身延伸到课堂和学生的学习之中、
其次,就教材与教师的关系而言,教材的权威消解了、教材设计要有意识地引导教师能动地乃至个性化地解读教材、
6、 开展综合实践活动课程的意义、P94—95
答:使学生通过实践,增强探索和创新意识,学习科学研究 *** ,发展综合运用知识的能力,增进学校与社会的密切联系,培养学生的社会责任感,同时培养学生利用信息技术的意识和能力、了解必要的通用技术和职业分工, 具有初步技术能力、
7、 实行"三级课程管理"的作用是什么 125
答:国家,地方,学校三级课程管理各自权利和责任的划分,①摆脱了过去僵化单一的管理体制`,妥善地处理了课程的统一性与多样性的关系,②有助于教材的多样化,③有利于满足地方经济,文化发展和学生发展的需求、
8、 为什么说教师是重要的课程资源 141
答:①首先,教师素质的高低,对学生发展有着重要的影响,"近朱者赤,近墨者黑",教师通过自身修养对学生"言传身教",学生通过"耳濡目染"可以从教师身上学到很多东西,这种潜移默化有时比课堂上的传授效果要好;②其次,教师决定着课程资源的选择,开发和利用,是学生利用课程资源的引导者,再完美的课程也必须经过教师的实施,理想中的课程与教师实施的课程肯定存在一个"落差",教师能否合理选择课程资源,对于缩小这个"落差"非常重要、
9、 作为校本研究的主体对教师有什么要求 P150
答:校本教研以教师为研究的主体,强 *** 师即研究者,要求教师形成研究意识,以研究者的心态置身于教学情境中,以研究者的眼光审视,分析和解决教学实践中的问题,鼓励教师从课程改革的问题和需要出发选择课题,强调研究的实效性和可持续性、
10、 世界各国课程评价有哪些特点、P170
答:一,重视发展,淡化甄别与选拔,实现评价功能的转化
二,重综合评价,关注个体差异,实现评价指标的多元化
三,强调质性评价,定性与定量相结合实现评价 *** 的多样化
四,强调参与与互动,自评与他评相结合,实现评价主体的多元化
五,注重过程,终结性评价与形成性评价相结合,实现评价重心的转移
七、论述
1、新课程标准在哪些方面突出体现了"以学为本"的设计思想 P26
答:之一,在课程目标的设计上,新增加的两个维度"过程与 *** ","情感,态度,价值观"突出了作为学习主体的人——学生和学生发展的重要地位,更多地关注和强调学生学习的过程与 *** ,学习的态度与情感,反映了课程标准的设计思想是"目中有人","以学为本"的现代课程理念、
第二,在内容标准的设计上,从"学习领域",学习主题","目标要素"的学的角度,来设计和组织课程内容,以学生的学习为主线,充分感受到课程标准中"学生"和"学生发展"是具有十分重要的`地位、
第三,在课程实施建议方面,从"教"更好地为"学"服务,从"教"更好地服务于"学生发展",从"教"更好地服务于学生学习方式的转变这样一个角度来提出建议、为学生形成主动参与,独立思考,自主探究,相互合作的学习品质,提供教学环境和教学平台的支撑、
2、 举例说明,在教学中如何处理"预设与生成"的关系、P50
答案要点:
首先,辩证地理解"预设与生成"的关系,既要改变过去那种只有"预设",完全封闭,一切尽在"教师掌控之中"的现象,又要避免不适当地,漫无边际地"生成",影响课堂教学质量,减损国家要求及教育"引导","塑造"的责任、
其次,教师在备课及进行教学设计时,要"详略得当"、所谓"详"一是在教学目标和内容的设计上,尽可能地将"三维目标"和有关内容加以整合,而不能仅有"知识点";二是尽量考虑周到,预先设想可能出现的情况及多样化的对策、所谓"略"是指教案不要太详尽,宁可"粗一点",给现实的,活生生的教学留下一定的时空,最终在教学中完成,在教学后完善,决不能像过去那样把教学的每一环节,教师的每一句话及学生的可能回答都写出来,使得原本富有生命力的教学成了完全预定的,僵死的"走教案","演教案剧"、
再次,在课堂中,教师要"与时俱进","与境俱进",及时抓住并灵活处理具有"生成价值"的问题,回答,细节,情境等,让教学充满灵动,智慧与活力;但是,这种"生成"必须与预设的学习目标,学习主题有某种内在联系(这种联系不一定局限于本节课或本单元的目标和内容),或是拓展,或是深化,这样才能既保证课堂教学的"开放"与"灵活",促进学生自主和富于个性化,创造性地学习,又达到国家对青少年一代的基本要求、
(举例略)
3、谈谈自主学习的实施要点(P67—74)
答案要点:
(1)创建积极的课堂环境;(2)使学生认同学习目标;(3)给学生更多的学习自 *** ;(4)灵活运用多种教学 *** ;(5)学生参与评价学习结果并优化学习 *** ;(6)让学生参与课堂管理、
4、试述发展性评价的内涵是什么、P180
答:其基本内涵表现为:
(一)评价的根本目的在于促进发展、淡化原有的甄别与选拔的功能,关注学生,教师,学校和课程发展中的需要,突出评价的激励与调控的功能,激发学生,教师,学校和课程的内在发展动力,促进其不断进步,实现自身价值、
(二)与课程功能的转变相适应、体现本次基础教育课程改革的精神,保障基础教育课程改革的顺利实施、
(三)体现最新的教育观念和课程评价发展的趋势、关注全人的发展,强调评价的民主化和人性化的发展,重视被评价者的主体性与评价对个体发展的建构作用、
(四)评价内容综合化,重视知识以外的综合素质的发展,尤其是创新,探究,合作与实践等能力的发展,以适应人才发展多样化的要求;评价标准分层化,关注被评价者之间的差异性和发展的不同需求,促进其在原有水平上的提高和发展的独特性、
(五)评价方式多样化,将量化评价 *** 与质性评价 *** 相结合,适应综合评价的需要,丰富评价与考试的 *** ,如成长记录袋,学习日记,情景测验,行为观察和开放性考试等,追求科学性,实效性和可操作性、
(六)评价主体多元化,从单向转为多向,增强评价主体间的互动,强调被评价者成为评价主体中的一员,建立学生,教师,家长,管理者,社区和专家等共同参与,交互作用的评价制度,以多渠道的反馈信息促进被评价者的发展、
(七)关注发展过程,将形成性评价与终结性评价有机地结合起来,使学生,教师,学校和课程的发展过程成为评价的组成部分;而终结性的评价结果随着改进计划的确定亦成为下一次评价的起点,进入被评价者发展的进程之中、
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