2013年职称英语考试模拟试题及答案(2)
词汇选项
下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1.We are sure that he will get over his illness .
A. certain
B. aware
C. happy
D. determined
2. The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.
A. in despair
B. in danger
C. in misery
D. in pain
3 If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air is often the cause.
A. start
B. begin
C.happen
D.visit
4.The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.
A.suffer
B.accept
C.receive
D.support
5.A *** all number of firms have ceased trading.
A. completed
B. finished
C. fulfilled
D.stopped
6.She was sent a box of chocolates along with a letter saying she was fired.
A. killed
B. shot
C. di *** issed
D. murdered
7.The mountains look glorious at sunrise.
A.inviting
B. magnificent
C.appealing
D.pleasing
8 It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam.
Avery
B. completely
C usually
D. mostly
9 Their parents once lived under very severe comditions.
A.sound
B.hard
C.strict
D.tight
10.Michael is now merely a good friend.
A.largely
B.barely
C.just
D.rarely
11.Have you talked to her lately?
A.lastly
B.finally
C.shortly
D.recently
12. While we don't agree, we continue to be friends.
A.Because
B.Where
C.Although
D.Whatever
13.You should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently.
A. thought
B. account
C. mind
D. brain
14. You must shine your shoes.
A.polish
B.clear
C.wash
D.mend
15. The policeman worte down all the particulars of the accident.
A.secrets
B.details
C.benefits
D.words
答案:
1.A 2.B 3. C 4.D 5.D
6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C
11.D 12. C 13.B 14.A 15.B 第2部分:阅读判断(第1~7题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
Osteoporosis and Men
Mention the word osteoporosis in the manly world of *** , professional basketball and the XFL, and you 're likely to get a wave of the hand and a di *** issive "That 's a woman 's disease." Not so. More than 2 million American men have been found to have the thinning bones and skeletal weakness of osteoporosis, and an additional 3 million are at an increased risk of developing them.
It's true that osteoporosis strikes women with much greater frequency than men - in some studies as much as four to six times as often. But that's no reason to brush it off as "their" disease. It's a mere stroke of gender luck that men's bones tend to grow larger, stronger and denser. Also paying dividends are those spots that boys (and, increasingly, girls) play as children - running up and down basketball courts, soccer and baseball fields. As it happens, physical activity is one of the more important ways to increase bone density and protect bone health.
But even the most active men cannot ignore certain facts of life. All of us build up our bones during the first three decades of life, typically reaching peak bone mass in the early 30s. Around the age of 35, we begin gradually to lose some of this bone mass. Women ultimately give up between 30%. Though mass loss in men is lower, it still makes us vulnerable to back pains and bone fractures. In fact, this year alone American men will suffer as many as half a million osteoporosis-related breaks, mostly in the spine, hip and wrist. These are not only painful; thousands die each year from fracture-related complications.
For many of us, however, there's still time. Of all the side effects of aging, osteoporosis is one of the more preventable, through diet, exercise and changes in lifestyle. The two key nutritional substances for bone health are calcium, which makes bones stronger, and vitamin D, which helps the body absorb the calcium.
Exercising is also important, with emphasis on weight-bearing activities in which bones and muscles work against gravity. Lifting weights and working out on resistance machines can help preserve bone density.
Be careful about what's in your medicine cabinet. Prolonged use of some medications, such as steroids, can weaken your bones. Smoking and drinking are both bad for bones, as is prolonged weightlessness, for anybody who plans to work on the space station.
1 Men are justified in thinking that osteoporosis is a woman's disease.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
2 Most women also think that osteoporosis is a woman's disease.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
3 The kind of sport that boys often play as children is good for the build-up of their bones.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
4 You are prone to bone breaks if you suffer from osteoporosis.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
5 In general, men and women reach peak bone mass at the age of 35.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
6 Exercising is an important way to protect bone health.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
7 Weight loss is also bad for your bones.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
答案:1. B2. C3. A4. A 5. B 6. A7. c 第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第1~8题,每题1分,共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试 任务:(1)第1-4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子。
English and English Community
1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language.The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.
2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities.The people who make up the community share a common language.Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood (街坊),a village,or a city.More often they form a whole country.National boundaries,however,are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.
3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community.For convenience(方便),we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers 1earn English as a second language for the purpose of education,commerce,and so on.
4 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people and their culture;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel.Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.
23 Paragraph 1___________ .
24 Paragraph 2___________ .
25 Paragraph 3___________ .
26 Paragraph 4___________ .
A Threat Posed by English
B Definition of a Speech Community
C Benefits of Learning a Second Language
D Advantages of Learning Chinese
E Two Groups of the English Speech Community
F A Widely Used Language
27 Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of ___________
28 The boundaries of a speech community may be different from ___________ .
29 People who live in different places may belong to ___________ .
30 Many people learn English as ___________ .
A a second language
B the same language
C the same speech community
D any other language
E national boundaries
F a part of one's heritage
答案: F B E C D E C A 阅读理解
阅读下面短文,短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个选项。
Heat and Health
Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world.Although hot weather just makes most people hot,it can cause medical problems-and death.
Health experts say that since the year 1900,extremely hot weather has killed more people in the United States than any other natural event.One year-the unusually hot summer of 1980-heat caused about 1,700 deaths in the United States.In 1995,more than 600 people died in a similar heat wave in one city-Chicago.
To measure extreme heat,govemment weather experts have developed the Mean Heat Index.It measures the average of how hot it is felt all day on an extremely hot day.Experts say it is the total heat of a hot day or several hot days that can affect health.Several hot days are considered a heat wave.Experts say heat waves often become deadly when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature.
The most common medical problem caused by hot weather is heat stress.Usually,it also is the least severe.For most peoople,the only result of heat stress is muscle pain.The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot.Doctors say drinking water will help the pain disappear after the body again has the right amounts of water and salt.For some people,however,the result is much more serious.
For example,doctors say some people face a greatly increased danger from heat stress.These people have a weak or damaged heart,high blood pressure,or other problems of the blood system.Severe heat can help cause a heart attack or stroke.Health experts say this is the most common cause of death linked to hot weather.
1.How many people died from heat in Chicago in 1995?
A.About 1700.
B.Nearly 1900.
C.Around 1100.
D.Over 600.
2.What can people learn from the Mean Heat Index?
A.The average temperature of an extremely hot day.
B.The highest temperature of an extremely hot day.
C.The lowest temperature of an extremely hot day.
D.The nighttime temperature of an extremely hot day.
3.A heat wave is a period of time during which
A.the weather is much better than usual.
B.the nights are much longer than usual.
C.the weather is much hotter than usual.
D.the days are much longer than usual.
4.Muscle pain in hot weather means that your body needs
A.more exercise.
B.more water.
C.less oxygen.
D.less sugar.
5.For people who are in extremely poor health,heat can be
A.deadly.
B.painful.
C.helpful.
D.stressful.
答案:D A C B A 第5部分:补全短文(第46~50题,每题2分,共10分)
阅读下面的短文,文章中有5处空白,文章后面有6组文字,请根据文章的内容选择5组文字,将其分别放回文章原有位置,以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Roadrunner
The roadrunner (走雀) lives in the desert zone of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. _____(1) People gave it its name because they usually see it running across a road, but of course, it spends more time among the plants of the desert than it does on roads.
The roadrunner is quite a large bird - about 45 centimeters long and 25 centimeters high. _____(2) It holds its head straight out in front and its tail sticks straight out in back. It takes long steps and can run 30 kilometers an hour.
It eats an amazing variety of food. Although it eats plants once in a while, it is mostly a meat eater. Most of its diet is insects, but it also catches birds, mice, and other *** all animals. It is even brave enough to catch snakes and black widow spiders (蜘蛛).
_____(3) When he finds one, he gives her presents - a snake to eat or a tiny branch of a tree to use in building a nest. Then they build their nest, the female lays eggs, and they raise their young.
_____(4) One couple in Arizona feeds a pair of roadrunners that come once at a time every day and make a noise outside the window. If someone doesn't give the bird a piece of hamburger immediately, the bird knocks on the window with its beak (喙). Roadrunners are not shy.
_____(5) They will stand on a chair or table and watch television, and they seem really interested in what is happening on the program.
A Roadrunners can also become friendly with people
B People laugh when it runs because it looks so funny
C It is a bird, but it can only fly about as much as a chicken can
D In early spring, the bird doesn't eat anything
E Another couple feeds a pair of roadrunners that go right into the house
F In the spring, a male roadrunner begins looking for a female as a mate.
答案:1. C2. B3. F4. A5. E
第6部分:完形填空
阅读下面的短文,文中有15处空白,每处空白给出了4个选项,请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个答案。
Health Insurance(保险)
Most Americans are responsible for their own medical costs.These can be extremely high if a person gets very(1)or has an accident.So people buy a health insurance plan to make sure these costs will be(2).
Most American colleges and universities have(3)health centers.There may even be a teaching hospital that can treat more serious(4).
Some medical services may be included in the cost of attending a school.But health insurance is usually needed for extra services.(5)most full-time college students must have insurance.
Students may already be protected under their family's health plan.If not,many colleges offer(6)own plans.
The University of Michigan will be our example.Students pay a health service fee.Then there is no extra charge when they are treated for minor(7)problems at the University Health Center.But the school wants students to have health insurance to pay(8)other services.
The insurance plan(9)by the university costs about one thousand seven hundred dollars a year.Such health insurance(10)generally pay for hospital services,emergency room care and visits to doctors.They(11)do not pay for care of the teeth.And they usually do not pay for treatment of medical conditions that existed(12)the student arrived at school.
International students at the University of Michigan have two(13).They can buy the university health plan.Or they can(14)private insurance that is approved by the university.
The school also offers a special International Student Insurance Plan.This pays for most of the services offered(15)the University Health Center that are not included in the health service fee.
1.A.rich B.poor C.sick D.old
2.A.laid B.paid C.made D.said
3.A.family B.woman C.man D.student
4.A.services B.problems C.needs D.solutions
5.A.So B.But C.Yet D.Though
6.A.our B.its C.his D.their
7.A.personal B.medical C.learning D.travel
8.A.at B.on C.for D.in
9.A.taken B.taught C.offered D.accepted
10.A.dollars B.centers C.plans D.schools
11.A.usually B.luckily C.suddenly D.carelessly
12.A.after B.if C.before D.since
13.A.choices B.conditions C.terms D.cases
14.A.have B.reject C.invest D.borrow
15.A.on B.for C.to D.by
答案:
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.A
6.D 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.C
11.A 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.D
山东路桥需要考试吗
山东路桥不需要考试,但是要通过山东路桥建筑物设计师考试才能获得资格证书,参加考试的考生必须具备良好的施工方案设计和结构改造设计知识,并具有建筑概念设计能力。考试内容包括建筑模型 *** 、设计思想、结构计算、施工图设计、安全检查等。
山东省2023年职称评审新政策
2023年山东省职称申报新规和职称评定条件:
一、2023年山东省中级高级工程师职称评定条件。
1、中专毕业生,二年工作经验,才能成为助理级职称资格;
2、大专毕业生,一年工作经验,才能成为助理级职称资格;
3、本科毕业生,一年工作经验,定助理职称资格;
5、博士学位获得者,可初定中级职称资格。
二、2023年山东省中级高级工程师职称评定专业分类。
(一)、级别等级:助理工程师、工程师、高级工程师。
(二)、专业分类:
1.土木类:土木建筑、土木工程、岩石工程、土岩方等。
2.园林类:风景园林、园艺、园林、园林建筑、园林工程、园林绿化、古建筑园林等。
3.建筑类:工民建、建筑、建筑管理、建筑工程、建筑施工、建筑设计、建筑装饰、测量、工程测量等。
4.电子电气类:电子、电子信息、电气、电气工程、电气设备、电气自动化等。
5.机械类:热能动力、机电、机电工程、化工、机械、机械制造、机械机电、汽车维修、设备安装。
6.水电类:水利、水利水电、水电安装、水电工程等。
7.路桥类:路桥、路桥施工、道路与桥梁、隧道工程等。
8.市政类:市政、市政工程、市政道路工程等。
9.其他类:制冷与空调维护、暖通、腐蚀与防护、给排水、锅炉、窑炉、概预算、安全等。
三、2023年山东省中级高级工程师职称评定专业理论知识要求。
1、掌握本专业基础理论知识和专业知识,对所从事的专业理论有一定研究或较深的认知;
2、熟悉国家有关的法律、技术法规和政策;
3、掌握本专业的技术标准、规范、规程、规章,基本掌握相关专业的有关知识;
4、能对一般技术问题进行总结和分析,能结合本单位实际情况,提出新技术应用及技术开发的 *** 或路径;
5、了解本专业领域的国内外发展动态与趋势。
四、2023年山东省中级高级工程师职称评定材料
1.填写《职称评审表》一份。
2.近期彩色照片(一寸、两寸各2张)。
3.身份证(本人手持身份证照)、学历毕业证、现有职称、相关荣誉证书复印件 。
4.提供的业绩材料必须与申报的专业相同,工作资历及学历算到年底。
教师职称考试模拟试题及含答案
一、单选
1、课程改革山东路桥职称试题及答案的的基本理念是: (C )
A、 ②③④ B、 ①②③ C、 ①③ D、 ②④
①以学生发展为本 ②培养环境意识
③以创新精神和实践能力培养为重点 ④减轻学生学习负担
2、 指出哪一组是符合体验性目标陈述方式的: ( C)
A、说出山东路桥职称试题及答案,表演,展示 B、设计, *** ,创作
C、感受,参加,养成 D、解释,完成,背诵
3、课程变革可以在课程内涵的丰富,课程理念的演进和(D )等三个层面上展开、
A、教材的更新 B、教师的发展 C、学生的选择 D、课程制度的变迁
4、新课程提倡的三维教学目标是指(D )
A、知识,技能和 *** B、情感,态度和价值观
C、知识,技能和情感 D、知识与技能,过程与 *** ,情感态度和价值观
5、 首倡"教师作为研究者"的学者是( A)
A、斯腾豪斯 B、斯腾伯格 C、杜威 D、赫尔巴特
6、 多元智力理论是新课程改革的理论基础之一,其提出者为(A )
A、加德纳 B、推孟 C、韦克斯勒 D、加涅
7、 以培养学生技能为目的,一般程序为:定向、示范、参与性练习、自主性练习、迁移的教学模式为(B )
A、讲解——接受式 B、示范——模仿式
C、探究发现式 D、情境——陶冶式
8、 在"对话 互动"式的教学过程中,教师和学生的关系是(C )
A、教师是主体,学生是客体 B、学生是主体,教师是客体
C、都是主体 D、都是客体
9、 探究学习实施的过程是(B )
A、计划阶段—问题阶段—研究阶段—解释阶段—反思阶
B、问题阶段—计划阶段—研究阶段—解释阶段—反思阶
C、问题阶段—计划阶段—研究阶段—反思阶段—解释阶
D、计划阶段—问题阶段—解释阶段—研究阶段—反思阶
10、展示学校的办学宗旨和特色的课程是( B)
A、地方课程 B、校本课程 C、国家课程 D、学科课程
11、教学过程的中心环节是( B)
A、备课 B、上课 C、批改作业 D、考试
12、 20世纪90年代初,美国著名的卡内基金会提交了一份名为《准备学习:国家的指令》的报告有七个方面的内容,其中排在第二位的是(A )
A、学校需要家庭的支持 B、学校需要社会的支持
C、学校需要专家的支持 D、学校需要 *** 的支持
13、教育的中心和灵魂在(B )
A、学生 B、学校 C、教师 D、校长
14、校本教研的主体是(C )
A、学生 B、教材 C、教师 D、校长
15、建立评价学生全面发展的评价指标体系必须包括( C)
A、学科学习目标 B、一般性发展目标
C、学科学习目标和一般性发展目标 D、情感目标
二、多选
1、新课程的具体目标除了有改革考试和评价制度,重建课程管理体系外,还有(ABCD )
A、改变课程功能 B、调整课程结构 C、精选课程内容 D、改进教学方式
2、在下列教育评价方式中,属于质性评价方式的有( ABC)
A、档案袋评定 B、苏格拉底式研讨评定
C、表现展示评定 D、成就测验
3、建构主义教育理论认为,学习环境的构成要素有 (ABCD )
A、情境 B、 协作 C、会话 D、意义建构
4下列关于新型知识观的说法正确的是(BCD )
A、个人见解在给定的课程知识面前没有意义
B、知识客观化和科学化的追求必然是以牺牲个人知识因素为代价的
C、缄默知识对人类的认识有着深刻的影响
D、知识为一种探索的行动或创造的过程
5本次课程改革所倡导的师生关系应该是(ABCD )
A、民主的 B、平等的 C、对话的 D、互动的
6、新课程给教师角色的定位是( AC)
A、学习者 B、定向者 C、促进者 D、定论者
7、新课程结构的主要特点(ABC )
A、均衡性 B、综合性 C、选择性 D、平均性
8、"校本课程开发方案"的内容包括(ABCD )
A、校本课程开发总体目标 B、校本课程的结构与课程门类C、课程实践与评价的设想 D、保障措施
9、 2001年,全国基础教育工作会议旗帜鲜明地把课程改革作为一项 *** 行为,明确了基础教育对促进社会主义现代化建设具有的作用是(BCD )
A、前沿性 B、全局性 C、基础性 D、先导性
10、地方对课程管理的主要方面是(ABCD )
A、贯彻国家课程政策 B、制订课程实施计划
C、组织课程的实施与评价 D、加强课程资源的开发和管理
11、校外课程资源是指学校范围以外的各种可以用来开发和建设课程的资源,主要有( ABD)
A、家庭资源 B、社会资源 C、校园资源 D、自然资源
12、当今世界,教学研究的发展趋势是(BCD )
A、向学生回归 B、向学校回归 C、向教师回归 D、向教育实践回归
13、教学研究中的行动必须具有以下特征(BCD )
A 、、 可操作性 B、验证性 C、教育性 D、探索性
14、现代教育评价的产生和发展可分为如下几个时期(BCD )
A、教育测验运动时期 B、目标分析研究时期
C、多方位研究时期 D、教育评价的兴盛时期
15、简述质性评定的主要特征有( BCD)
A、评定是一种自上而下的评价
B、评价的目的在于促进主体人的发展
C、评价的方式具有情境性
D、评定是不断探索改进的过程
三、判断
(×)1 、《中国教育改革和发展纲要》的印发,标志着新一轮基础课程改革的开始。
(√ )2、 新课程目标取向及精神内核就是以学生的发展为本。
(×)3 、课程标准它是面向全体学生的共同的,统一的基本要求和更高要求。
(√ )4、素质教育本质上是一种个性化教育。
(× )5、自主学习就是自学,强调突出学生的主体地位,排斥教师的介入和指导。
(× )6、 学校的课程结构中学科课程,分科课程,必修课程,国家课程应占绝对主导地位。
(√)7、 山东路桥职称试题及答案我国基础教育实行三级课程管理的基本模式,学校课程管理亦需要建立三级管理 *** 。
(√ )8、实现课程管理的统与分的有机整合,是世界课程管理的总的趋势。
(× )9、校本教研即师本研究。
(√)10、教育测验是一种以追求考察教育效果客观性为目标的活动。
四、简答
1、新课改的具体目标有哪几项?
2、课改的主要任务是什么?
3、 新课程改革的核心理念及其基本含义?
4、 本次课改中,课程体系走向综合化的具体表现是什么?
5、 新课程在教材观上的转向具体表现在哪些方面?
6、 开展综合实践活动课程的意义?
7、 实行"三级课程管理"的作用是什么?
8、 为什么说教师是重要的课程资源?
9、 作为校本研究的主体对教师有什么要求?
10、世界各国课程评价有哪些特点?
五、论述
1、新课程标准在哪些方面突出体现了"以学为本"的设计思想
2、举例说明,在教学中如何处理"预设与生成"的关系
3、谈谈自主学习的实施要点
4、试述发展性评价的内涵是什么
六、简答
1、新课改的具体目标有哪几项 P8
答:有六项具体目标,它包括:改变课程功能,调整课程结构,精选教学内容,改进教学方式,改革考试和评价制度,重建课程管理体系、
2、课改的主要任务是什么 P15
答:(1)构建一个新型课程管理体系、(2)建立一支新型教师队伍、(3)探索一套新型课堂教学模式、(4)完善一个新型教育评价体系、(5)建设一个先进的信息化平台、(6)培养一批先进典型、
3、 新课程改革的核心理念及其基本含义、P34—35
答:本轮课程改革的核心理念是:为了每位学生的发展、"为了每位学生的发展"包含着三层含义:(1)以人(学生)的发展为本;(2)倡导全人教育;(3)追求学生个性化发展、
4、 本次课改中,课程体系走向综合化的具体表现是什么 P43
答:(1)从小学三年级至高中设置非学科的"综合实践活动"课程;(2)新课程还设置了许多"综合性学科",着意推进课程的综合化,对旧有的课程结构进行改造;(3)各分科课程都在尝试综合化的改革,强调科学知识同生活世界的交汇,理性认识同感性经验的融合、
5、 新课程在教材观上的转向具体表现在哪些方面 P60—62
答:首先就教材与学生的关系而言,学生不再是教材被动的受体而是对教材进行能动实践的创造性主体;教材不再是只追求对教育经验的完美的预设,而要为学生留有发展的余地,使教材编制过程本身延伸到课堂和学生的学习之中、
其次,就教材与教师的关系而言,教材的权威消解了、教材设计要有意识地引导教师能动地乃至个性化地解读教材、
6、 开展综合实践活动课程的意义、P94—95
答:使学生通过实践,增强探索和创新意识,学习科学研究 *** ,发展综合运用知识的能力,增进学校与社会的密切联系,培养学生的社会责任感,同时培养学生利用信息技术的意识和能力、了解必要的通用技术和职业分工, 具有初步技术能力、
7、 实行"三级课程管理"的作用是什么 125
答:国家,地方,学校三级课程管理各自权利和责任的划分,①摆脱了过去僵化单一的管理体制`,妥善地处理了课程的统一性与多样性的关系,②有助于教材的多样化,③有利于满足地方经济,文化发展和学生发展的需求、
8、 为什么说教师是重要的课程资源 141
答:①首先,教师素质的高低,对学生发展有着重要的影响,"近朱者赤,近墨者黑",教师通过自身修养对学生"言传身教",学生通过"耳濡目染"可以从教师身上学到很多东西,这种潜移默化有时比课堂上的传授效果要好;②其次,教师决定着课程资源的选择,开发和利用,是学生利用课程资源的引导者,再完美的课程也必须经过教师的实施,理想中的课程与教师实施的课程肯定存在一个"落差",教师能否合理选择课程资源,对于缩小这个"落差"非常重要、
9、 作为校本研究的主体对教师有什么要求 P150
答:校本教研以教师为研究的主体,强 *** 师即研究者,要求教师形成研究意识,以研究者的心态置身于教学情境中,以研究者的眼光审视,分析和解决教学实践中的问题,鼓励教师从课程改革的问题和需要出发选择课题,强调研究的实效性和可持续性、
10、 世界各国课程评价有哪些特点、P170
答:一,重视发展,淡化甄别与选拔,实现评价功能的转化
二,重综合评价,关注个体差异,实现评价指标的多元化
三,强调质性评价,定性与定量相结合实现评价 *** 的多样化
四,强调参与与互动,自评与山东路桥职称试题及答案他评相结合,实现评价主体的多元化
五,注重过程,终结性评价与形成性评价相结合,实现评价重心的转移
七、论述
1、新课程标准在哪些方面突出体现了"以学为本"的设计思想 P26
答:之一,在课程目标的设计上,新增加的两个维度"过程与 *** ","情感,态度,价值观"突出了作为学习主体的人——学生和学生发展的重要地位,更多地关注和强调学生学习的过程与 *** ,学习的态度与情感,反映了课程标准的设计思想是"目中有人","以学为本"的现代课程理念、
第二,在内容标准的设计上,从"学习领域",学习主题","目标要素"的学的角度,来设计和组织课程内容,以学生的学习为主线,充分感受到课程标准中"学生"和"学生发展"是具有十分重要的`地位、
第三,在课程实施建议方面,从"教"更好地为"学"服务,从"教"更好地服务于"学生发展",从"教"更好地服务于学生学习方式的转变这样一个角度来提出建议、为学生形成主动参与,独立思考,自主探究,相互合作的学习品质,提供教学环境和教学平台的支撑、
2、 举例说明,在教学中如何处理"预设与生成"的关系、P50
答案要点:
首先,辩证地理解"预设与生成"的关系,既要改变过去那种只有"预设",完全封闭,一切尽在"教师掌控之中"的现象,又要避免不适当地,漫无边际地"生成",影响课堂教学质量,减损国家要求及教育"引导","塑造"的责任、
其次,教师在备课及进行教学设计时,要"详略得当"、所谓"详"一是在教学目标和内容的设计上,尽可能地将"三维目标"和有关内容加以整合,而不能仅有"知识点";二是尽量考虑周到,预先设想可能出现的情况及多样化的对策、所谓"略"是指教案不要太详尽,宁可"粗一点",给现实的,活生生的教学留下一定的时空,最终在教学中完成,在教学后完善,决不能像过去那样把教学的每一环节,教师的每一句话及学生的可能回答都写出来,使得原本富有生命力的教学成了完全预定的,僵死的"走教案","演教案剧"、
再次,在课堂中,教师要"与时俱进","与境俱进",及时抓住并灵活处理具有"生成价值"的问题,回答,细节,情境等,让教学充满灵动,智慧与活力;但是,这种"生成"必须与预设的学习目标,学习主题有某种内在联系(这种联系不一定局限于本节课或本单元的目标和内容),或是拓展,或是深化,这样才能既保证课堂教学的"开放"与"灵活",促进学生自主和富于个性化,创造性地学习,又达到国家对青少年一代的基本要求、
(举例略)
3、谈谈自主学习的实施要点(P67—74)
答案要点:
(1)创建积极的课堂环境;(2)使学生认同学习目标;(3)给学生更多的学习自 *** ;(4)灵活运用多种教学 *** ;(5)学生参与评价学习结果并优化学习 *** ;(6)让学生参与课堂管理、
4、试述发展性评价的内涵是什么、P180
答:其基本内涵表现为:
(一)评价的根本目的在于促进发展、淡化原有的甄别与选拔的功能,关注学生,教师,学校和课程发展中的需要,突出评价的激励与调控的功能,激发学生,教师,学校和课程的内在发展动力,促进其不断进步,实现自身价值、
(二)与课程功能的转变相适应、体现本次基础教育课程改革的精神,保障基础教育课程改革的顺利实施、
(三)体现最新的教育观念和课程评价发展的趋势、关注全人的发展,强调评价的民主化和人性化的发展,重视被评价者的主体性与评价对个体发展的建构作用、
(四)评价内容综合化,重视知识以外的综合素质的发展,尤其是创新,探究,合作与实践等能力的发展,以适应人才发展多样化的要求;评价标准分层化,关注被评价者之间的差异性和发展的不同需求,促进其在原有水平上的提高和发展的独特性、
(五)评价方式多样化,将量化评价 *** 与质性评价 *** 相结合,适应综合评价的需要,丰富评价与考试的 *** ,如成长记录袋,学习日记,情景测验,行为观察和开放性考试等,追求科学性,实效性和可操作性、
(六)评价主体多元化,从单向转为多向,增强评价主体间的互动,强调被评价者成为评价主体中的一员,建立学生,教师,家长,管理者,社区和专家等共同参与,交互作用的评价制度,以多渠道的反馈信息促进被评价者的发展、
(七)关注发展过程,将形成性评价与终结性评价有机地结合起来,使学生,教师,学校和课程的发展过程成为评价的组成部分;而终结性的评价结果随着改进计划的确定亦成为下一次评价的起点,进入被评价者发展的进程之中、
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